They looked to the Church Fathers rather than the Reformers and preferred using the more traditional 1549 prayer book. The bishops were placed in the difficult position of enforcing conformity while supporting reform. It can be argued the settlement was successful among ordinary people as there were no widespread religious inspired revolts, unlike under HVIII (drawing comparisons across the Tudor period). The belief that the wafer and wine literally transform into Christ's body and blood during Communion service. This resulted in Elizabeth appointing 27 new bishops whose support she could not afford to lose given there was a shortage of qualified Protestant clergy in England. Changes needed to be introduced with a minimum of confrontation in order to overcome fear and suspicion at home and abroad. The injunctions ordered the "holy table" to be carried into the chancel during communion services but at all other times to be placed where the altar would have stood. Most of the other posts went to Marian exiles such as Edmund Grindal for London, Richard Cox for Ely, John Jewel for Salisbury, William Barlow for Chichester and John Scory for Hereford. Most of their replacements were not consecrated until December 1559 or early 1560. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. The Ordinal and Prayer Book provisions were removed and the Mass left unchanged, with the exception of allowing communion under both kinds. It was also a concession to the Queen's Protestant supporters who objected to "supreme head" on theological grounds and who had concerns about a female leading the Church. They tried to push more Protestant-leaning reforms in 1566 but failed. [102], In 1603, the King of Scotland inherited the English crown as James I. She reversed the religious innovations introduced by her father and brother. The Religious Settlement - Religion in the Elizabethan age - WJEC 5 Etching of Elizabeth I in Parliament. However, only 4% of all lower clergy . All of the leading clergymen were Protestants and former exiles (Robert Horne, Thomas Becon, Thomas Bentham, John Jewel, Edwin Sandys, and Richard Davies), and they interpreted the injunctions in the most Protestant way possible. Henry wished to dissolve his marriage to Catherine and to be remarried to Anne Boleyn, but Pope Clement VII refused. The fine was one shilling, then about one day's labour for a skilled worker, but few were collected in practice. Please support World History Encyclopedia. Both attempts failed, mainly because of the Queen's opposition. Her reason was: I would not open windows into men's souls"- Elizabeth I 1. Despite the problems that sometimes arose, it proved to be a remarkable success. The religious settlement began to be implemented in the summer of 1559. Implemented between 1559 and 1563, the settlement is considered the end of the English Reformation, permanently shaping the theology and liturgy of the Church of England and laying the foundations of Anglicanism's unique identity. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What religion was Elizabeth I ?, What is the Elizabethan Religious Settlement ?, Was the Religious Settlement successful ? He believed that as punishment by God for this communion, God was refusing him a male heir, and this influenced his decisions to divorce and remarry. [105], At the start of his reign, Puritans presented the Millenary Petition to the King. Elizabeth . As the historian D. Starkey notes, Elizabeth's cautious reforms resulted in "a Church that was Protestant in doctrine, Catholic in appearance" (314). Fig. There was much debate among traditionalists and zealous reformers about how this new church should look. [79] The discovery of the Ridolfi plota Catholic conspiracy to overthrow Elizabeth and place Mary, Queen of Scots on the thronefurther alarmed the English government. [108], During the reign of Charles I, the Arminians were ascendant and closely associated with William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury (16331645). The Church will not prohibit oath-taking by Christians for civic purposes. The Act of Supremacy became law. Enjoy the bank holiday weekend celebrating King Charles III's coronation, Why do artists draw, and what can their sketches teach us about their skills and techniques? Although most people were able to sing, worship was dominated by choral liturgies, especially in the cathedrals. [15] At Westminster Abbeystill a Benedictine monasterythe Queen disapproved of what she considered Catholic superstition, telling the monks bearing candles in procession, "Away with those torches, for we see very well". 6 Essay on Thirty Nine Articles of Religion. As the older generation of recusant priests died out, Roman Catholicism collapsed among the lower classes in the north, west and in Wales. As for the manner of their service in church and their prayers, except that they say them in the English tongue, one can still recognise a great part of the Mass, which they have limited only in what concerns individual communion. When Elizabeth inherited the throne, England was bitterly divided between Catholics and Protestants as a result of various religious changes initiated by Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. Henry VIII had broken from the Roman Catholic Church and the authority of the pope, becoming Supreme Head of the Church of England. [51], Many parishes were slow to comply with the injunctions. Instead, she approached religion with a more pragmatic air. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. Queen Elizabeth I inherited a nation suffering from religious flux, but went on to build a stable, peaceful nation. The reforms included allowing clerics to marry and denying transubstantiation. [8] The veneration of religious images (icons, roods, statues) and relics were suppressed,[9] and iconoclasm was sanctioned by the government. At this point, the Privy Council introduced two new bills, one concerning royal supremacy and the other about a Protestant liturgy. She tried to make everyone happy and to at least avoid infuriating any more people. Elizabethan Church, the Thirty-nine Articles of Religion, provides ample support to this authors contention that the Elizabethan Church Settlement was not really a via media, the middle road, but one that was distinctly Protestant. There were 10,000 parishes in England at this time so this shows that the religious settlement was largely successful. Rycote Chapel, OxfordshirePeter Reed (CC BY-NC) The first act passed by the House of Commons in February 1559 joined together a bill of supremacy, establishing Queen Elizabeth I as head of the church, with one of uniformity, dealing with the type of faith and service. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Subsequently, two Catholics, John Felton and John Story, were executed for treason. The Church of England's refusal to adopt the patterns of the Continental Reformed churches deepened conflict between Protestants who desired greater reforms and church authorities who prioritised conformity. [30] The revised Book of Common Prayer removed this denunciation of the Pope. Essay assessing the validity of the view: "The Elizabethan religious Every church had to have a Bible in English available to its congregation, no further altars were to be destroyed, and pilgrimages were banned. Matters were to be debated in a respectful fashion. [112], The Church of England was fundamentally changed. Some Catholic religious opposition was not constraint to England, but failed to affect the successful establishment of Elizabeth's religious settlement. Fig. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement (1559) - Elizabeth I of England Many became leaders of an underground Catholic Church. [119], Supreme Governor of the Church of England, The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women, History of the Puritans under Queen Elizabeth I, A View of Popish Abuses yet remaining in the English Church, "Music and Reform in France, England, and Scotland", Elizabethan Religious Settlement - World History Encyclopedia, Documents Illustrative of English Church History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabethan_Religious_Settlement&oldid=1137970785, This page was last edited on 7 February 2023, at 09:43. It remains a unique institution that treads between Catholicism and Protestantism known in other regions. [16] The Queen's principal secretary was Sir William Cecil, a moderate Protestant. This new amalgamated version, like its predecessors, set out how church services should be conducted and was itself to be used in those services. The is essay will argue that in the period 15581564 the religious settlement was broadly success useful as it was slowly adhered to with little opposition up until 1564. [28], The bill included permission to receive communion in two kinds. How successful was the Elizabethan religious settlement? It also repealed the medieval heresy laws that Mary I had revived. Its leaders were arrested and the Classical Movement disintegrated. Even this was possible only through political intrigue. The Elizabethan Settlement provided the foundation for the Church of England, much of which is still in place today. [107] Due to their belief in free will, this new faction is known as the Arminian party, but their high church orientation was more controversial. The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. [40] Across the nation, parishes paid to have roods, images and altar tabernacles removed, which they had only recently paid to restore under Queen Mary. . Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. Essay on Elizabeth's religious settlement. [91], By 1572, the debate between Puritans and conformists had entered a new phasechurch government had replaced vestments as the major issue. This was particularly evident between 1565 and 1567 during the Vestments controversy over the refusal of some clergy to wear the clerical dress required by the Royal Injunctions. The Act of Uniformity of 1559 set out the groundwork for the Elizabethan church. Special interests include art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. While some were happy to return to the traditional religion, many were not, and the land was ripped apart by rebellion. [32] The Litany in the 1552 book had denounced "the bishop of Rome, and all his detestable enormities". The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was composed of the following principal elements: Henry VIII had started the English Reformation which split the Church in England from Catholic Rome. This bill would have returned the Church to its position at the death of Henry VIII rather than to that when Edward VI died. The Elizabethan Settlement was religious legislation that provided a compromise between English Catholics and Protestants. Bishops Watson of Lincoln and White of Winchester were imprisoned in the Tower. Elizabethan Church Settlement: An Examination - Western Oregon University [5][6] The Mass, the central act of Catholic worship, was condemned as idolatry and replaced with a Protestant communion service, a reminder of Christ's crucifixion. A large number of the Parliament, who were still Catholic, opposed the bill, and it was eventually only passed by three votes: 21 to 18. Try and produce an argument for your decision by gathering evidence from the article! Also, like Elizabeth, Parker was a Nicodemitesomeone who stayed in England during Mary's reign and outwardly conformed to Catholicism. Elizabeth then set about returning the Church of England to its reformed state as it had been under Edward VI or, if possible, not quite as radical. 'Bloody Mary's' brief reign was ended by cancer, and her half-sister Elizabeth took the throne in 1558 CE. After Queen Mary I died in 1558, Elizabeth I became queen. Almost 200 Catholic priests and those who helped them were hunted and burned. Cartwright, Mark. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was contained in two acts - the Act of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. In 1560, Bishop Grindal was allowed to enforce the demolition of rood lofts in London. "Of Common Prayer and Sacraments" taught that although only baptism and the Eucharist were sacraments instituted by Christ other rites such as ordination had a sacramental character. [56] Parish churches tended to have less music as Puritan influences argued against using of funds to pay for choristers. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. This division began during the reign of her father, Henry VIII.
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