No reprisals were taken against the son, and the old chief was exiled to Garua (Garoua). Gustav Conrau returned in November 1899 without the porters and requested for more young men to work as labourers on the coastal plantations. It ended up in the Museum fr Vlkerkunde in Berlin and was then bought by an art collector in 1926. Thereafter the staff will be return[ed] to Asonganyi waiting for the next occasion or the next person, so if Stumpell (sic.) 14, pp. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Diese Website verwendet Akismet, um Spam zu reduzieren. The density of the forest meant that it was impossible to have paved roads with the tools available to the natives. The arts themselves are actually a mechanism of spiritualism of ritual of communicating with our ancestors. PAESE is a joint research project in Lower Saxony and stands for Provenienzforschung in auereuropischen Sammlungen und der Ethnologie in Niedersachsen (Provenance Research on Non-European Collections and Ethnology in Lower Saxony). Chief Taku and my further interview partner Dr. George Atem5 contested this explanation. However, the elderly fon of Lewoh, Achankeng stayed in his palace, hoping to engage the Germans in dialogue . The 32in (81cm) tall Bangwa Queen is a wooden carving from Cameroon, representing the power and health of the Bangwa people. The Germans retaliated with violent raids that lasted four years due to the Bangwa's persistent resistance. In: International Journal of Cultural Property 26, p. 75110. For more information please visit: https://www.postcolonial-provenance-research.com/, Deine E-Mail-Adresse wird nicht verffentlicht. 'Bangwa' therefore correctly refers to the people who speak nwe and inhabit the narrow strip of country in West Cameroon which forms the foothills of the section of the East Cameroon plateau inhabited by the Bamileke. tough resistance to the expeditions of von Besser in 1900, and of von Pavel in 1901, followed by his betrayal of his agreement of peace by fierce attacks against a column led by Lt. von Gellhorn (von Pavells adjutant) sent to conduct negotiations, followed by a war, lasting five months, waged against an expedition led by Lt. Schlosser, during which he had put about the rumour of his death and sent his son to sue for peace. 12, p. 521 .4 Kolonialblatt, Bd. The renowned Bangwa Queen wooden sculpture was taken from what is now Cameroon at the end of the 19th Century. I can find the solution of many of the question, Gcerevision The Bangwa History. At the same time, he acknowledged the opening of museums to persons from the countries of origin and the attempts of provenance researchers like me on behalf of PAESE and Rainer Hatoum9 at the SMBS as positive examples for new dynamics taking place in museums with ethnographic collections. 3, pp. Some of the treasures were later deposited at the UK's Victoria and Albert Museum. Instances in which specific acquisition circumstances, a community of origin, previous owners and their direct descendants can be identified are very rare in provenance research on collections of colonial contexts and come along with many challenges.7 Therefore, I consider it serendipity that I succeeded in tracing these three objects of the collection of Brunswick to the former Bangwa ruler Fontem Asunganyi and even more that I was able to get in touch with todays representatives of the royal family of Fontem. That the Bangwa queen6 has powerful, powerful spiritualism to the extend, that since the Bangwa queen disappeared [] a lot of calamities have befallen the people [] they explain to the people: Look, this is happening, because she is not there, until she comes back [] so this symbolism as it is and memorization are institutionally linked (Interview with Chief Charles Taku 23.03.2021). In the oral history of the district Lebialem, Asunganyi appears as a local hero: his royal authority, his resistance against colonial powers, the regaining of his throne in Fontem under British Colonial after many years of exile in Garoua in Northern Cameroon, and his rule until his death in 1951 is well remembered (Gouaffo, Michels 2019: 21; Michels 2004: 159f, Brain 1972: 70; Interview with the King of Lenale Ndem, 27.10.2020). Apart from bronze sculptures and plaques, innumerable royal objects were taken as a result of the mission and are scattered all over the world. It is worth noting that by this time, reports had filtering back to the hinterland on the cruel treatment suffered by the labourers on the German plantations. Sie werden weitergeleitet zur OpenEdition Search, Since October 2019, I have been working as a provenance researcher at the Municipal Museum of Brunswick (SMBS) within the framework of the research project PAESE (Provenance Research in Non-European Collections and Ethnology in Lower Saxony). Kolonialblatt, Bd. They described them as links to the ancestors that guarantee the kingdoms well-being and that of its people. The corresponding Bali term is. Miyimbi was under a European, Caulwell, with Vai assistants (cf. They welcomed me to Bangwa land and handed me two large sticks decorated with beadwork about 50 cm wide. They stood on the walls and monoliths of the ancient city built between the 12th and 15th Centuries by the ancestors of the Shona people. These resemble very strongly to some objects stored in Brunswick. Conraus Bali servant, however, told Conrad that his death was plotted by the Fon and urged him to flee, and Conrau did so on the following night. As the Germans expanded and penetrated into Cameroon, they came across different tribes and wanted to explore more natives for slavery, minerals and much more. Two lions from Kenyas Tsavo region killed 35 labourers building a colonial-era railway. It was also brought to Germany by the colonial officer Kurt Strmpell, who handed it over to the SMBS in 1902 with over 200 objects from the so-called Grassfields. The establishment of a military post at Tinto appears to have been followed by the opening of trade-counters by the, IV Kedinga, head of the Peli clan and heir of Ndanji, his elder brother Francis Muka, Pinyi Fokum, IV, palace steward, and from Njibongtu and other officers of the, society in 1963. who succeed in 1901. Many natives lost their lives. 4 Paul Dassi is the conservation manager in the Route des Chefferies. Two companies were detached to encircle and crush the Bangwa, the first was to march via Foto and the second (with seven horses, a machine-gun and 700 porters) was to march via Tali to Fontem. Furthermore, my research seeks to identify representatives of communities of origin; descendants of former owners, users, or producers (cf. The charges against him fill the gap in the printed record.The chief of Fontem was charged with (i) depriving Conrau of his freedom and causing him to commit suicide, (ii) tough resistance to the expeditions of von Besser in 1900, and of von Pavel in 1901, followed by his betrayal of his agreement of peace by fierce attacks against a column led by Lt. von Gellhorn (von Pavells adjutant) sent to conduct negotiations, followed by a war, lasting five months, waged against an expedition led by Lt. Schlosser, during which he had put about the rumour of his death and sent his son to sue for peace. [3] The expedition prepared the way for the arrival of a much larger force under the Schutztruppe commander von Pavel.Von Pavells force reached Tinto on November 5th 1901. 5 Dr. George Atem is a retired historian and vice-president of the Catholic University of Buea, as well as a notable and titleholder of the Fontem kingdom. The establishment of a military post at Tinto appears to have been followed by the opening of trade-counters by the Gesellschaft Nord-West Kamerun and John Holt and Co.3 Information from Fagaako IV Kedinga, head of the Peli clan and heir of Ndanji, his elder brother Francis Muka, Pinyi Fokum Tim Mufud IV, palace steward, and from Njibongtu and other officers of the nggumba society in 1963. Authors of the report commissioned by President Macron, Senegalese writer and economist Felwine Sarr and French Historian Bndicte Savoy, have recommended that French law is changed to allow the return of the African art. The Bangwa resistance shows how the Cameroonian natives were initially inclined to trade with the Germans as equals, but rejected any cession of sovereignty. 11, pp. When the mubang (European) (which of them I do not know) was waging war there, the Bali went thither and acquired the nggumba there.] 1870-1951). Von Puttkamer nevertheless sent a police patrol without uniforms under an experienced African corporal with instructions to approach the area carefully in the hope of assisting him in his escape. The generally accepted story is that French soldiers found the stone while digging the foundations of a fort on the Nile Delta. DMB 2021: 22), and to inform them about the whereabouts of objects possibly linked to them. Today it refers to the place as well as the royal dynasty. In: African Arts 49 (2), p. 38-53. PDF THE BANGWA OF WEST CAMEROON - Lebialem Being the first person [] to see and touch it in generations of more I mean more than a century and 20 years and to be here personally, I think it is a very very, not just an emotional moment for me, but also [other members of the Bangwa community for example to] my elder cousin her royal highness Mafua Ngolefe. Atem 2000: I). In Cameroon, it is linked to nine villages with Lebang as one of them, as it has its headquarter under the paramount ruler of Fontem (cf. Schutztruppe commander von Pavel led another punitive expedition against the Bangwa. Its Ghost Town Monday. 1884-1916. On May 29th the old chief presented himself, was taken into custody and marched to Chang (Dschang) on May 30th. The losses sustained by von Bessers force are also referred to in von Puttkamers Gouverneursjahre, p. 222. called on the Fon (there is no mention of fierce opposition) and received a promise of war damages and the return of Conraus possessions. Information (1963) from Franz Soppo Geka, who knew Zintgraff as a boy. document.getElementById( "ak_js" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); cameroon gce A level June 2023 religious studies 3, cameroon gce A level June 2023 religious studies 1, cameroon gce A level June 2023 religious studies 2. Fitzner, p. 144ff). It is all what humanity is about and black civilization that we pay homage to (Interview with Chief Charles Taku, 20.07.2021). When Napoleon was defeated, the British took possession of the stone under the terms of the Treaty of Alexandria in 1801. 391-392; and Wilhelm Langheld: , 1909, pp. Dunstan, Elizabeth (1965): A Bangwa account of early encounters with the German colonial administration. It also strained relations between Fontem and Tali because Chief Defang of Tali betrayed them to the Germans.
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