Two days later, the Assembly decided to dissolve the king's Constitutional Guard, a 6,000-man bodyguard created the previous September. By Joseph Lee. World History Encyclopedia. It was time, argued Barnave, for the Assembly to finally pass the constitution and bring the Revolution to an end. ","creator":{"@type":"Person","name":"Fran\u00e7ois Bonneville"},"creditText":"Fran\u00e7ois Bonneville / Wikipedia","dateModified":"2022-09-20T06:05:04+0000","datePublished":"2022-09-20T06:05:04+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Portrait of Jacques-Pierre Brissot de Warville","height":599,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isBasedOn":{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_Bonneville_-_Portrait_de_Jacques-Pierre_Brissot_de_Warville_(1754-1793),_journaliste_et_conventionnel_-_P2608_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet.jpg"},"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/16370/portrait-of-jacques-pierre-brissot-de-warville/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/16370/portrait-of-jacques-pierre-brissot-de-warville/","width":491}. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. In the turmoil that followed, as many as 50 people were killed and dozens more wounded. Not to be defeated, Lafayette went to his old command, the Parisian National Guard. After that, things calmed down and everyone went home. For the next two years, the palace remained the official residence of the king. The Champ de Mars Massacre took place on 17 July 1791 in Paris in the midst of the French Revolution. Nine months later, Marie Antoinette was also convicted of treason and beheaded on October 16. On 11 June, Louis XVI consented to the disbanding of his Constitutional Guard but vetoed the other two decrees. Louis XVI earned his people's wrath by his refusal to adhere to the Legislative Assembly's rulings, as well as a general suspicion that he was apathetic to the defense of France. On 20 June, the demonstration was mobilized in each of Paris' sections by various leaders of the sans-culottes: there was the publicist Fournier 'the American', the brewer Santerre, and Theroigne de Mericourt, a leader of the women's republican movement. The Champ de Mars Massacre was an incident that took place on 17 July 1791, when soldiers of the National Guard under the Marquis de Lafayette opened fire on a crowd of demonstrators, who were calling for a referendum on the king's abdication and the establishment of a republic. The Champ de Mars Massacre and the Language of Law JANINE M. LANZA On July 17, 1791, a crowd of Parisians gathered at the Champ de Mars, in the western part of the city, for the third time in as many days to make clear to the National Assembly their position on the question of the king's con-stitutional standing. The massacre, therefore, had the effect of completing what Varennes had started, shifting the tide of public opinion away from the king and his allies. Lafayette blamed the Jacobins and other extremist groups for the massacre, as well as for corrupting the Revolution and infiltrating the military. He pressed Bailly to institute martial law, citing the demonstrators' killings of the two men on the Champ de Mars as justification. Evangeline State Park. Return of Louis XVI to Paris After Varennes. ","creator":{"@type":"Person","name":"Jean Duplessis-Bertaux"},"creditText":"Jean Duplessis-Bertaux / Wikipedia","dateModified":"2022-08-09T07:11:18+0000","datePublished":"2022-08-09T07:11:17+0000","encodingFormat":"image/png","headline":"Return of Louis XVI to Paris After Varennes","height":599,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isBasedOn":{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jean_Duplessis-Bertaux,_Retour_de_Varennes._Arriv%C3%A9e_de_Louis_Seize_%C3%A0_Paris,_le_25_juin_1791.png"},"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/16240/return-of-louis-xvi-to-paris-after-varennes/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/16240/return-of-louis-xvi-to-paris-after-varennes/","width":788}. Portrait of Lafayette, as Commander of the National GuardJean-Baptiste Weyler (Public Domain) The Demonstration of 20 June 1792 was a final attempt by the sans-culottes of Paris to reconcile King Louis XVI of France (r. 1774-1792) with the French Revolution (1789-99). Standing before the Legislative Assembly, Louis XVI himself had read out the declaration, to the delirious applause of the gathered deputies. Fearing bloodshed, the king's guards made no attempt to stop the crowd from entering the palace itself, a decision that baffled a young Napoleon Bonaparte, who apparently witnessed the event. It would also see the destruction of the monarchy and set France on the road to the birth of its first republic. Work by Ary Scheffer, c. 1807. The most radical Jacobins happily gave their approval, but it proved too much for most of the members. 8. This decision came after King Louis XVI and his family had unsuccessfully tried . We want people all over the world to learn about history. Lafayette fires on the Cordeliers Club (cropped).jpeg 650 362; 220 KB. However, on July 15, 1791, the National Constituent Assembly agreed that the king could be restored to power if he agreed to the constitution, although some factions opposed the proposal. The Champ de Mars Massacre and the Language of Law - Volume 19 Issue 2. . The National Guard under Lafayette, opened fire. It should be noted that most of the demonstrators had nothing to do with these murders, as the lynchings occurred early in the morning before most of the crowd had arrived. World History Encyclopedia. They had been quiet for the last few months, driven away in the aftermath of the Champ de Mars Massacre, but the absence of their Feuillant enemies from Paris gave them renewed confidence. Last modified September 07, 2022. Bailly himself arrived with additional troops, and tensions rose. ","creator":{"@type":"Person","name":"Jan Bulthuis/Johannes Allart"},"creditText":"Jan Bulthuis/Johannes Allart / Wikipedia","dateModified":"2022-09-20T06:35:03+0000","datePublished":"2022-09-20T06:35:03+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"The People Enter the Palace, 20 June 1792","height":544,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isBasedOn":{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bild_Tuileriensturm1792.jpg"},"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/16384/the-people-enter-the-palace-20-june-1792/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/16384/the-people-enter-the-palace-20-june-1792/","width":800}. Michael P. Fitzsimmons. Others, such as Lafayette, were not about to give up so easily. Moving to punish or depose the king would provoke Austria and Prussia, who were already threatening war against revolutionary France. The secondFte de la Fdration, an annual celebration of the storming of the Bastille and the achievements of the revolution,had been held there three days before. Although mostly unarmed, a few shots rang out from the crowd, missing Lafayette but hitting a dragoon. 1 Lafayette also claims that . A third decree was passed on 8 June which called for the establishment of a camp for 20,000 semi-military provincial volunteers known as fdrs. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. In Paris, meanwhile, a new political force was on the rise, a force that had been ever-present but had rarely influenced events since the Storming of the Bastille in 1789. Whatever respect and affection Parisians still felt for Bailly and Lafayette had been shattered. Web. Due to the cumulative effect of a host of errors, which in and of themselves would not have condemned the mission to failure, the royal family was thwarted in its escape after Jean-Baptiste Drouet, the postmaster of Sainte-Menehould, recognized the king from his portrait. On the morning of 17 July, a crowd of signatories was led to the spot by Danton and the journalist Camille Desmoulins (1760-94), another Cordeliers leader who had helped instigate the Storming of the Bastille almost exactly two years earlier. Champ de Mars - Wikipedia French Revolution memory quiz events 1789-91, French Revolution memory quiz events 1792-95, French Revolution memory quiz events to 1788, French Revolution memory quiz terms (I), French Revolution memory quiz terms (II), French Revolution memory quiz terms (III). It was clear that he had to do something, lest the monarchists lose control of the Revolution forever. Louis XVI becameemotionally paralyzed, leaving most important decisions to the queen. {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/16380/louis-xvi-wearing-a-cap-of-liberty/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/16380/louis-xvi-wearing-a-cap-of-liberty/","caption":"Depiction of King Louis XVI of France wearing the red Phrygian cap of liberty and drinking a toast to the nation, as he did during the Demonstration of 20 June 1792. The People Enter the Palace, 20 June 1792Jan Bulthuis/Johannes Allart (Public Domain) For the next two hours, they accosted him, showering him with threats and insults, waving pistols and knives in his face. Two days before, the National Constituent Assembly issued a decree that King Louis XVI would retain his throne under a constitutional monarchy. Convicted, Louis was sent to the guillotine on January 21, 1793. On 17 July 1791 the revolutionary National Guard of Paris opened fire on a crowd of protesters: citizens believing themselves patriots trying to save France fro. Within an hour between 30 and 50 people lay dead, while dozens more nursed gunshot and powder wounds. Remove Ads Advertisement License & Copyright Original image by Ary Scheffer. On the opposite side of the political spectrum, the Feuillants, the constitutional monarchist faction, wanted war to regain influence for themselves through battlefield victory, which would allow them to wrest power from the radical Girondins and Jacobins.
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