The damage to the Berlin railway system was extensive. Several other buildings of note were either damaged or destroyed, including the British, French, Italian and Japanese embassies, Charlottenburg Palace and Berlin Zoo, as were the Ministry of Munitions, the Waffen SS Administrative College, the barracks of the Imperial Guard at Spandau and several arms factories. Battle of Berlin | Description & Facts | Britannica A maximum effort raid by 730 (504 B-17s and 226 B-24s) bombers and 644 fighters of the, Raid against Berlin by 623 bombers. [83] The stronghold of the Tiergarten (S-Bahn) station was then secured by the 3rd Infantry Regiment. The diversionary raids were only partially successful in diverting German night fighters. Accompanying them were the leading tanks of Colonel-General Mikhail Katukov's 1st Guards Tank Army. The majority were killed or captured by the Soviets. 561 Lancasters, 314 Halifaxes, 16 Mosquitos (891 aircraft), despatched to Berlin. Seventeen days in the spring of 1945 that would define Europe for decades to come: setting the stage for Cold War confrontation between East and West, and ensuring that Berlin and Germany remain divided for another 45 years. 3 DB-3 bombers of the Baltic Fleet, operating from Kuressaare and 9, 13 DB-3 bombers of the Baltic Fleet and 9. By January 1945 the population was around 2.9million, although the demands of the German military were such that only 100,000 of these were males aged 1830. As Heinrici had disobeyed a direct order from Hitler (in allowing von Manteuffel to retreat), he was relieved of his command. A depleted and disorganised garrison of about 95,000 faced two full Soviet army groups attacking from the east and south. 251 bombers, 17 lost, dropped 610 tons of bombs, 711 killed on the ground. The following night, 1,000 were killed and 100,000 made homeless. [23], While the fighting raged in the south-east of the city, between 320 and 330 French volunteers commanded by SS-Brigadefhrer Gustav Krukenberg and organised as Sturmbataillon (assault battalion) "Charlemagne" were attached to XI SS Panzergrenadier Division Nordland. The 3rd Shock Army were in sight of the Victory Column in the Tiergarten and during the afternoon advanced towards the Moltke Bridge over the Spree, just north of the Ministry of the Interior and a mere 600m (660yd) from the Reichstag. Defending Sector D was Panzer Division Mncheberg. [61] The 1st Polish Infantry Regiment was split up into "combat teams" supporting the 19th and 35th Mechanized Brigades, with the 2nd Polish Infantry Regiment supporting the 219th Tank Brigade; all units of the Soviet 1st Mechanized Corps. The Nordlands' remaining armour, eight Tiger tanks and several assault guns, were ordered to take up positions in the Tiergarten, because although these two divisions of Weidling's LVI Panzer Corps could slow the Soviet advance, they could not stop it. The rest of the population had to make do with their own cellars.[51]. The raids grew more frequent in 1941, but were ineffective in hitting important targets. The Battle of Berlin was launched by Harris in November 1943, a concerted air campaign against the German capital, although other cities continued to be attacked to prevent the Germans concentrating their defences in Berlin. April 20, 1943 was Hitler's 54th birthday. On 19 April, after the collapse of the Oder front east of Berlin, the Defense Area was placed under the command of the army group. [33], The Big Week (Sunday, 20Friday, 25 February 1944) heavy bomber offensive began shortly after the Eighth Air Force commander, Maj. Gen. Jimmy Doolittle, had implemented a major change in fighter defense of USAAF strategic bomber formations that had bolstered the confidence of U.S. strategic bombing crews. After nearly four years of intense fighting, Soviet forces finally launched their assault on Berlin on 16 April 1945. Heavy cloud cover frustrated the RAF and damage was light. By 1944 1.2million people, 790,000 of them women and children, about a quarter of the city's population, had been evacuated to rural areas. [13] During 1940 there were more raids on Berlin, all of which did little damage. The outcome of the battle to capture the capital of Nazi Germany was decided during the initial phases of the Battle of Berlin that took place outside the city. Berlin was completely surrounded by 23 April. Damage to Berlin was relatively small. Normandy Invasion, also called Operation Overlord or D-Day, during World War II, the Allied invasion of western Europe, which was launched on June 6, 1944 (the most celebrated D-Day of the war), with the simultaneous landing of U.S., British, and Canadian forces on five separate beachheads in Normandy, France. [89] The breakout started later than planned at around 23:00 hours. Burgdorf, who played a key role in the death of Erwin Rommel, along with Krebs, committed suicide. [37], In sector Z (centre) Krukenberg Nordland divisional headquarters was now a carriage in the Stadtmitte U-Bahn station. Generally, the Soviets avoided fighting their way into tunnels and bunkers (of which there were about 1,000 in the Berlin area); instead, they sealed them off and continued the advance. Berlin was the main target. Smit, Erik/Evthalia Staikos/Dirk Thormann, This section is based on Rrup, chapter 1, a major change in fighter defense of USAAF strategic bomber formations, "bomber command | mines laid | flight august | 1945 | 1571 | Flight Archive", Appeal against aerial bombardment of civilian populations, "Design and Construction of Typical German and Japanese Test Structures at Dugway Proving Grounds, Utah", 27 May 1943, The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II: Leaping the Atlantic Wall Army Air Forces Campaigns in Western Europe, 19421945, Federal Depository Library Program Electronic Collection, "Combat Chronology of the US Army Air Forces: February 1945", "100th Bomb Group Foundation Personnel LT COL Robert ROSENTHAL", "A Forgotten Holocaust: US Bombing Strategy, the Destruction of Japanese Cities & the American Way of War from World War II to Iraq", Air operations during the Battle of Europe, Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bombing_of_Berlin_in_World_War_II&oldid=1166489738, Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II, Aerial operations and battles of World War II by town or city, World War II strategic bombing of Germany, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from July 2008, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0. Another raid on 26 February 1945[46] left another 80,000 people homeless. Thirdly of the location of the IX Army. A diversionary raid by 13 Mosquitos on Berlin. The bombs used in this raid consisted mostly of high explosive ordnance and not incendiary munitions. It was acknowledged that the aerial bombing of Germany would cause civilian casualties, but the British government renounced the deliberate bombing of civilian property outside combat zones as a military tactic. Hitler Youth: How The Third Reich Used Children To Wage War - HistoryExtra In addition, many U-Bahn stations were converted into shelters. While flying over Berlin in a Fieseler Storch, von Greim was seriously wounded by Soviet anti-aircraft fire. [49] This compares to death tolls of between 25,000 and 35,000 in the single attack on Dresden on 14 February 1945, and the 42,000 killed at Hamburg in a single raid in 1943, with both the Hamburg and Dresden raids combined having a lower casualty total than the 9/10 March 1945 Operation Meetinghouse single firebombing raid on Tokyo, devastating some .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}40.9 square kilometres (15+1316sqmi) causing the loss of at least 100,000 lives in the Japanese capital. It was of such symbolic value that the Soviets wanted to capture it before the May Day parade in Moscow. It was fought over four days, from 16 April until 19 April 1945. The Germans correctly identified that Berlin was the target. They were part of Wenck's XX Corps and were made up of men from the officer training schools, making them some of the best units the Germans had left. In 1945, the Eighth Air Force launched a number of very large daytime raids on Berlin, the last of them being on 18 March (there were bombing raids to Falkensee and Spandau, near Berlin, on 28 March),[37] the 15th Air Force launched its only bombing mission to Berlin on 24 March,[37] and for 36 nights in succession scores of RAF Mosquitos bombed the German capital, ending on the night of 20/21 April 1945 just before the Soviets entered the city. The Allies replaced their losses; the Luftwaffe could not. [16] Heavy Army bombers, operating from near Leningrad, executed one raid to Berlin on 11 August, with only few machines reaching the target. The Battle of the Seelow Heights was one of the last pitched battles of World War II. By May 1945, 1.7 million people (40% of the population) had fled. Sometime after midnight, a corps of Colonel-General Nikolai Berzarin's 5th Shock Army crossed the Spree close to Treptow Park. Normandy Invasion | Definition, Map, Photos, Casualties, & Facts A small raid on Hamburg by 15 Mosquitos and smaller raids on other towns did not divert the night fighters. Berlin was occupied by the victorious Allied powers after the war. [35], In the south-west, Rybalko's 3rd Guards Tank Army, supported by Lieutenant-General Luchinsky's 28th Army, were advancing through the wooded park and suburbs of the Grunewald, attacking what remained of the XVIII Panzergrenadier Division on their eastern flank and entering Charlottenburg. The Battle of Berlin in WWII - Study.com One powerful thrust was heading north-west towards Berlin while other armies headed west towards a section of the United States Army front line south-west of the city who were on the Elbe. As Chuikov did not inform Rybalko, commander of the 3rd Guards Tank Army, that the 8th was doing this, the troops ordered to carry out this manoeuvre suffered disproportionate casualties from friendly fire. The battle was primarily fought between the German Army and the Soviet Army. World War II in Eastern Europe, 1942-1945 | Holocaust Encyclopedia [39] In the evening of 28 April, the BBC broadcast a Reuters news report about Heinrich Himmler's attempted negotiations with the western Allies through Count Folke Bernadotte in Luebeck. The city officially surrendered on 2 May, though fighting continued until the end of the war in Europe on 8 May. They were followed by thousands of stragglers and civilians. German. The Germans were well stocked with food and ammunition and launched counter-attacks against the Red Army, leading to close fighting in and around the Reichstag. They moved through the apartments and cellars, blasting holes through the walls of adjacent buildings (making effective use of abandoned German Panzerfausts), while others fought across the rooftops and through the attics. The sector in which most of the fighting in the overall battle took place was the Seelow Heights, the last major defensive line outside Berlin. The Battle of Berlin was the Soviet victory that ended WWII History Magazine WWII 75 Years Later The Soviet victory in the Battle of Berlin finished Nazi Germany In May 1945, the Red Army. Initially it was thought that many thousands had drowned, but when the tunnels were pumped out in October 1945 it was found that most of the bodies were of people who had died of their wounds, not from drowning. Just over 100 other aircraft attacked a number of other targets. [19] This failure led to the dismissal of Peirse and his replacement (in February 1942) by Sir Arthur Travers Harris, who believed in both the efficacy and necessity of area bombing. [84] Thereafter, Polish and Soviet units took control of the Zoologischer Garten station and the railway line between them. A Tiger tank that spearheaded the first attempt to storm the Weidendammer Bridge was destroyed. 9 DB-3 bombers of the Baltic Fleet, operating from Kuressaare airfield on Saaremaa island (9 reached Berlin, dropping 5.4 tons of bombs). Upon being informed, Hitler flew into a rage and told those who were still with him in the bunker complex that Himmler's act was the worst treachery he had ever known. [92][93], Krukenberg and many of the survivors of the remnants of the Nordland Division crossed the Spree shortly before dawn but could not break through and were forced back into the centre. It could be bombed only at night in summer when the days were longer and skies clearwhich increased the risk to Allied bombers. [28] Overall nearly 4,000 were killed, 10,000 injured and 450,000 made homeless. At 06:20 a bombardment by 3,000 guns and heavy mortars began (a staggering 650 pieces of artillery per kilometer of front). [85], At about 04:00 on 1 May, Krebs talked to Chuikov, commander of the Soviet 8th Guards Army. At 18:00 hours, while Weidling and his staff finalized their breakout plans in the Bendlerblock, three regiments of the Soviet 150th Rifle Division, under cover of a heavy artillery barrage and closely supported by tanks, assaulted the Reichstag. Hitler orders a quarter-million troops across Luxembourg to push back the Allied forces. But the water level only suddenly rose by about one metre (3ft) and after that much more slowly. At dawn on 24 April the LVI Panzer Corps still under Weidling's direct command, counterattacked but were severely mauled by the 5th Shock Army, which was able to continue its advance around mid-day. 105 Squadron was dispatched to the German capital, successfully reaching the city with the loss of only one aircraft. 105 Squadron arrived over Berlin exactly on time to disrupt Gring's speech. What did he say?" [80] About 300 of the last German combatants surrendered. Daylight bombing raids conducted by Bomber Command involved unacceptably-high losses of British aircraft, and bombing by night led to far lower British losses but was of necessity indiscriminate because of the difficulties of nocturnal navigation and bomb aiming. It was fought between April and May 1945, and the Russian victory saw the end . [61][62], At 06:00 on 30 April the 150th Rifle Division had still not captured the upper floors of the Ministry of the Interior, but while the fighting was still going on, the 150th launched an attack from there across the 400 metres of Knigsplatz towards the Reichstag. Other shelters were built under or near government buildings, the best-known being the so-called Fhrerbunker underground in the backyard of the Reich Chancellery building. Per Hitler's last wishes, Dnitz was appointed as the new "President of Germany" (Reichsprsident). Suffering many casualties, the Soviets got beyond the main hall and started to work their way up through the building. [1][d], Weidling organised the defences into eight sectors designated 'A' to 'H', each commanded by a colonel or a general, but most had no combat experience. [39], At 04:00 hours on 29 April, in the Fhrerbunker, General Wilhelm Burgdorf, Goebbels, Krebs, and Bormann witnessed and signed the last will and testament of Adolf Hitler. The arrival of the French SS men bolstered the Nordland Division whose Norge and Danmark regiments had been decimated in the fighting. [35], At the tail end of the Battle of Berlin the RAF made one last large raid on the city on the night of 2425 March, losing 8.9% of the attacking force,[36] but due to the failure of the Battle of Berlin, and the switch to the tactical bombing of France during the summer months in support of the Allied invasion of France, RAF Bomber Command left Berlin alone for most of 1944. The Ostvertriebenen ("refugees from the East") were officially denied permission to remain in Berlin for longer than two days and were housed in camps near the city before being moved on westwards; it is estimated less than 50,000 managed to remain in Berlin. [30], By 28 April, the Mncheberg Division had been driven back to the Anhalter railway station less than 1km (1,100yd) south of the Fhrerbunker. The Soviets pushed the Germans back to the banks of the Dnieper River in 1943 and then, by the summer of 1944, to the borders of East Prussia. At about 20:00, Goebbels and his wife, Magda, left the bunker and close to the entrance bit on a cyanide ampoule, and either shot themselves at the same time or were given a coup de grce immediately afterwards by the SS guard detailed to dispose of their bodies. The Battle of Berlin was the Soviet victory that ended WWII [59][60] Soviet forces were lacking infantry support, and armored units, without infantry support, were taking heavy casualties. Although killing German civilians was never an explicit policy, it was obvious that area bombing would cause large-scale civilian casualties. , . After nearly four years of intense fighting, Soviet forces finally launched their assault on Berlin on 16 April 1945. Despite heavy shelling which killed many, German weight of numbers meant that they were able to drive the Soviet infantry back and many thousands crossed into Spandau. The number of wounded amounted to 20,000, and 120,000 were left homeless or "dehoused".[44]. [44] First Air Division commander Lt. Col. Rosenthal was among those shot down and survived, but was rescued by the Soviet armed forces and eventually returned to England. Fourthly, Holste's Corps on the defensive. Due to the exhaustion of German supplies the German anti-aircraft defense was under-equipped and weak so that out of the 1,600 US aircraft committed, only 36 were shot down and their crews taken as prisoners-of-war. Western and Southern districts, covered by partial cloud, were hit in what the RAF records state was the most concentrated attack of this period. Nazi Germany had invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941 and killed an estimated 25 million of the country's civilians and military. Battle of Berlin in World War II - ThoughtCo But Hitler refused to surrender, instead dragging the country into the abyss. The city was under cloud and the damage was not severe. The War / Bombing Berlin: The Biggest Wartime Article Bombing Berlin: The Biggest Wartime Raid on Hitler's Capital On March 18, 1945, the biggest wartime bombing raid on Berlin showed that the German air force was still a dangerous and defiant foe. In April 1945, the Soviet Union assembled outside Berlin one of the largest concentrations of military power ever seen. [96] Spandau was still in the hands of a Hitler Youth detachment, so an attempt was made to force a passage across the Charlotten Bridge over the Havel. How many men were killed on both sides? These breakthroughs allowed the two Soviet fronts to envelop the German 9th Army in a large pocket east of Frankfurt. [99], On the morning of 2 May, the Soviets stormed the Reich Chancellery. [15], A Soviet combat group was a mixed arms unit of about eighty men in assault groups of six to eight soldiers, closely supported by field artillery. In mid-January 1945, the Soviets and Poles attacked in Poland, pushing from the Vistula to the Oder river in Germany, and overran East Prussia. These towers were at the Berlin Zoo in the Tiergarten, Humboldthain and Friedrichshain. On that date, the commander of the Berlin Defence Area, General Helmuth Weidling, surrendered to Lieutenant-General Vasily Chuikov, commander of the Soviet 8th Guards Army, a component of Marshal Georgiy Zhukov's 1st Belorussian Front. It became the site of a Schinkel-designed, The poorer tenement blocks were known as ", Beevor states the centre sector was known as Z for Zentrum (, Antony Beevor writes that the incident is contentious and that the number of dead and the day of the incident vary. [41][46], During the night of 28 April, Wenck reported to Keitel that his XII Army had been forced back along the entire front. Beevor claims that the official Soviet description is an exaggeration, as most of the German combat troops had left in the breakouts the night before, and resistance must have been far less than that inside the Reichstag. Occupying Soviet troops gave out bread and essentials, but some soldiers also committed atrocities against civilians. Berlin was the main target, and was attacked by 440 Avro Lancasters aided by four Mosquitos. "[31] It has been largely acknowledged that the Battle of Berlin was a failure; for the RAF,[31] British official historians have stated that "in an operational sense the Battle of Berlin was more than a failure, it was a defeat". On 25 March 1939 the law on membership tightened, and it became mandatory for all Germans aged 10 to 18 to join; those who failed to comply were threatened with criminal prosecution, including parents who refused to relinquish control of their youngsters. Beevor has claimed that the rivalry went further than just jokes and says that Chuikov deliberately ordered the left flank of the 8th Guards Army (of 1st Belorussian Front) across the front of the 3rd Guards Tank Army (of the 1st Ukrainian Front), blocking its direct path to the Reichstag. Raiding the German capital, the USAAF reasoned, would force the Luftwaffe into battle. The Battle for Berlin, along with the Battle of Britain, the Battle of the Atlantic and D-Day, was of vital importance in the European sector. Under the direction of Chuikov and Soviet General Vasily Sokolovsky (Chief of staff of the 1st Ukrainian Front), Weidling put his order to surrender in writing. It caused panic in the U-Bahn tunnels under the Anhalter railway station in which some were trampled to death. The remaining German Tiger tanks of the Hermann von Salza battalion took up positions in the east of the Tiergarten to defend the centre against the 3rd Shock Army (which, although heavily engaged around the Reichstag, was also flanking the area by advancing through the northern Tiergarten) and the 8th Guards Army advancing through the south of the Tiergarten. During the night Krukenberg informed General Hans Krebs, Chief of the General Staff of Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH) that within 24 hours the Nordland would have to fall back to the central sector Z (Z for Zentrum or Mitte). He agreed to order the city's defenders to surrender to the Soviets. For the investment and assault on the Berlin Defence Area about 1,500,000 soldiers[1]. Thereafter, Soviet artillery continued the bombardment of Berlin and did not stop until the city surrendered; the weight of explosives delivered by their artillery during the battle was greater than the tonnage dropped by the Western Allied bombers on the city. The bombing raids on Berlin prompted Hitler to order the shift of the Luftwaffe's target from British airfields and air defenses to British cities. The Mncheberg Division managed to hold the line until the afternoon of the next day, but this was the last time they were able to check the Soviet advance for more than a few hours. On the night of 7 June 1940, it dropped eight bombs of 250kg and eighty of 10kg on the German capital. After negotiations, the citadel's commander surrendered to Lieutenant-General F. I. Perkhorovitch's 47th Army just after 15:00 on 1 May. By dusk Soviet T-34 tanks had reached the airfield, only six kilometres (four miles) south of the Fhrerbunker, where they were checked by stiff German resistance. "[22] By this time he could deploy over 800 long-range bombers on any given night, equipped with new and more sophisticated navigational devices such as H2S radar. There was an assault over Wilhelmplatz and into the building with a howitzer to blast open the front doors and several battles within the building. A further 167 sorties were flown against other targets, with one aircraft lost. Berlin was attacked by 364 Lancasters, 8 Mosquitos and 7 Halifaxes. [29], The 16 raids on Berlin cost Bomber Command more than 500 aircraft, with their crews killed or captured. Stalin did not want the Berlin Airlift. Berlin, the main target, was attacked by 440, Berlin the main target. The Luftwaffe lost 42 fighters, with 3 killed, 26 missing and 9 wounded (includes the Me 410 and Bf 110 multiple manned aircraft), This page was last edited on 21 July 2023, at 22:23. The Soviet 58th Guards Rifle Division of Zhadov's 5th Guards Army made contact with the 69th Infantry Division of the First United States Army near Torgau on the Elbe. The German garrison, of about 1,000 defenders (a mixture of sailors, SS and Hitler Youth) fired down on the Soviets from above, turning the main hall into a medieval style killing field. German Army and the Red Army. On 30 April Hitler killed himself and by 2 May the Reichstag had fallen. The other fortress was the Spandau Citadel of Trace italienne design which although several hundred years old presented a difficult structure to storm. By the end of the next month, there will be a total of 363 . Bomber Command decided that they had to mark the occasion with a raid on Berlin, and it was decided that the Mosquito was the right aircraft for the job. Chuikov, who had commanded the successful defence of Stalingrad, asked: "You are the commander of the Berlin garrison?" In the raid, led by Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Rosenthal of the 100th Bombardment Group flying in a pathfinder B-17G, s/n 44-8379 commanding the entire First Air Division's bomber force on this raid[43] Friedrichstadt (the newspaper district), and Luisenstadt (both divided between the boroughs of Kreuzberg and Mitte, the central area) and some other areas, such as Friedrichshain, were severely damaged. On 2 May 1945, after one of the most intense battles in human history, the guns at last stopped firing amongst the ruins of Berlin. [38], 1,500 bombers of the Eighth Air Force, protected by some 1,000 fighters attacked the Berlin railway system on the forenoon (British: morning) of 3 February 1945 in the belief that the German Sixth Panzer Army was moving through Berlin by train on its way to the Eastern Front,[39] thinking the Sixth Panzer Army would use the Tempelhof railyards for the move. [100], At 01:00 hours, the Soviets picked up radio message from the German LVI Corps requesting a cease-fire and stating that emissaries would come under a white flag to Potsdamer bridge. Air War from 1939-1945 | American Experience | PBS By the end of 19 April the German eastern front line north of Frankfurt around Seelow and to the south around Forst had ceased to exist. Hitler Youth - Wikipedia What Was the Battle of Berlin? - WorldAtlas Another solution was to rely on heavy howitzers (152mm and 203mm) firing over open sights to blast defended buildings and to use anti-aircraft guns against the German gunners on the higher floors. The initial infantry assault was decimated by cross fire from the Reichstag and the Kroll Opera House on the western side of Knigsplatz. Starting from 16:00 on 30 April, the 1st Battalion of the Polish 1st Regiment (assigned to the region of 35th Mechanized Brigade) begun an assault on a barricade on Pestalozzistrasse, a major obstacle which made previous tank attacks in that direction suicidal. 37 Lancasters, 2 Halifaxes, 1 Mosquito (8.7% of the force). Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. By the evening Treptow Park was in Soviet hands and they had also reached the S-Bahn. Bombing Berlin: The Biggest Wartime Raid on Hitler's Capital 350,000. [50], The Nazi regime was well aware of the political necessity of protecting the Reich capital against devastation from the air. Gender division was paramount to Nazi strategy. LIVE #AkomaSports with Abusuapanin Samuel Acheampong >>> 21st August, 2023 The headquarters of the Dnitz government were located around Flensburg, along with Mrwik, near the Danish border. [45], On 28 April, Krebs made his last telephone call from the Fhrerbunker. Raids continued until March 1944. [79] Close combat raged throughout the night and the coming day of 1 May, until the evening when some German troops pulled out of the building and crossed the Friedrichstrae S-Bahn Station, where they moved into the ruins hours before the main breakout across the Spree. It was pounded by large concentrations of Soviet artillery. [7] The Jules Verne, a variant of the Farman F.220 of the French Naval Aviation, was the first Allied bomber to raid Berlin. These Soviet forces had effectively cut the sausage-shaped area held by the Germans in half and made an escape to the west for those German troops in the centre much more difficult.[71].
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