[1], The paramount advantage of such a theoretical weapon is that antimatter and matter collisions result in the entire sum of their mass energy equivalent being released as energy, which is at least two orders of magnitude greater than the energy release of the most efficient fusion weapons (100% vs 0.4-1%). Antimatter would do the same. Likewise, the antimatter counterpart to a proton is the anti-proton which has the same mass as a proton but with a negative charge. Supposing we had one antimatter bomb, how much antimatter would we need in order to completely blow up the Earth into millions of pieces. MathJax reference. There are many hypothetical antimatter weapons, the most well known of which is the antimatter bomb. In order to store antimatter it has to be kept in a sealed container and held up with magnets so that it floats. And if you're concerned that this work doesn't warrant fooling around with such a violently explosive anti-substance, Professor Doser says there's no need to worry. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. What's the cheapest way to buy out a sibling's share of our parents house if I have no cash and want to pay less than the appraised value? The bottle is called a trap because thats what it does, it traps antimatter. The blast radius becomes a critical parameter in such scenarios. The positron has the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge, rather than negative. And that means no particles would remain to eventually become people, stars, and galaxies. ", "Mount St. Helens -- From the 1980 Eruption to 2000, Fact Sheet 036-00", "USGS Earthquake Hazards Program: Energy and Broadband Solution: OFF W COAST OF NORTHERN SUMATRA", Currently deployed U.S. nuclear weapon yields, Complete List of All U.S. Nuclear Weapons, "Energetic output of the 2022 Hunga TongaHunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption from pressure measurements", "The eruption of Krakatoa, August 27, 1883", "Nuclear Weapons: Who Has What at a Glance", "Global nuclear weapons: downsizing but modernizing", Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "Minimize Harm and Security Risks of Nuclear Energy", "Hurricane FAQ NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory", "Tambora 1815: Just How Big Was The Eruption? TBX (thermobaric explosives) or EBX (enhanced blast explosives), in a small, confined space, may have over twice the power of destruction. What would happen if we detonated an antimatter bomb on Earth? I mean like a lot of people I've looked at the "NukeMap" website and gone "Wow, the Tsar Bomb really is pretty destructive", what would the Enterprise-D crashing into a city look like by comparison. This is generally ignoring the radiation effect of all the gamma rays, that might change the maths. An antimatter weapon is a weapon which would use antimatter as a power source, a propellant or an explosive. The Tsar Bomba is the worlds most powerful nuclear weapon it was developed by Russia and has the explosive force of all the explosives that went off during world war two times 10. All the galaxies, the clusters of galaxies, the stars, the planets, us. Crash it into an iridium block. [2] Annihilation requires and converts exactly equal masses of antimatter and matter by the collision which releases the entire mass-energy of both, which for 1 gram is ~91013 joules. If the null hypothesis is never really true, is there a point to using a statistical test without a priori power analysis? any large scale destruction of a city, with non antimatter device, on earth of a nuclear ready country would trigger mutually assured destruction, in what is estimated to be a thousand times over. So far, all the antimatter created in all the particle accelerators on Earth wouldn't be enough to boil a cup of water. Back To Anycalculator.com [3], The kiloton and megaton of TNT equivalent have traditionally been used to describe the energy output, and hence the destructive power, of a nuclear weapon. 1 gram of antimatter explosion radius - isgho-sup.com 7g divided 7 bn ways would equate to about the equivalent of 40 grams of TNT per person, something like a small hand grenade each. A much smaller amount embedded near the heart could of course kill you but the grenade-sized amount insures fairly well you won't survive--particularly if it is applied all at once directly to the body. Privacy Policy. Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? Different types of antimatter require different types of traps. Why is this antimatter issue a big problem for the Big Bang? A kiloton of TNT can be visualized as a cube of TNT 8.46 metres (27.8ft) on a side. A minor scale definition: am I missing something? This sounds like a good thing at first, but it just means that antimatter weapons could be seen as more politically acceptable, and therefore more likely to be used in warfare. The very find dust gets around the problem that a chunk of antimatter in the presence of ordinary matter acts a bit like a chunk of sodium dropped into water. Check what you could have accomplished if you get out of your social media bubble. The relative effectiveness factor (RE factor) relates an explosive's demolition power to that of TNT, in units of the TNT equivalent/kg (TNTe/kg). You bet. The fictional bomb works by touching 1 gram of matter to 1 gram of antimatter a substance made of sub-atomic particles with properties opposite those of normal matter particles causing. When the antimatter starts reacting antiprotons and positrons will be kicked away, mixing with the air. Antimatter annihilation from anti-hydrogen is surprisingly messy: it will not be pure gamma rays. 1212 New York Ave., NW, Suite 650 Washington, DC 20005 | Phone: 202-429-9280 | Email: info@ime.org. [3], As of 2004[update], the cost of producing one millionth of a gram of antimatter was estimated at US $60 billion. Did you get it? Thankfully, outside the realms of science fiction, we won't see antimatter destroying cities anytime soon. This would cause the entire Earth to explode and break into thousands of pieces. For a 10 km dinosaur killer asteroid, 1 kg of antimatter should be sufficient retarget the asteroid -- actually quite a bit less would actually be needed because there are quite a few near earth objects that would need only a tiny orbital deflection to serve the purpose, the largest of these earth crossers, 1866 Sysyphus one of these objects Now we need to know how this works in tons. $10^{32}J$ is simply the gravitational binding energy of the planet. And based on what we know about this terrifying-sounding substance, the Universe probably shouldn't exist at all. Sufficiently big detonations can presumably force a bit of fusion, but it is unlikely to be self-sustaining on its own without confinement. Why 1.810 14 joules? Both antimatter and matter were created after the big bang, and the universe should be made up of 50% matter, and 50% antimatter. I have no idea how to get that in an antimatter bomb, because of the fizzle problem noted above. Professor Doser actually thinks matter might be the evil half of this equation, with antimatter being the "good guy". Electron + positron = 2 * gamma going opposite directions and having nearly the same energy of electron + positron mass-energies. What Is Antimatter? Where can I find a clear diagram of the SPECK algorithm? Anti-matter Energy Calculator Supposed you have successfully build a special tomahawk missile entirely composed of antimatter, this method of conversion of mass to energy greatly dwarfs any conventional nuclear reactions. Explosive Yield of a Photon Torpedo. - ST-v-SW.Net How many thermonuclear bombs needed to make a hole from the surface to the Mantle of a planet that is the same size as planet Earth? TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. Antimatter is just like normal matter, except that some of its properties are opposite that of normal matter. Comparing with nuclear weapons, this is about 50 kton TNT. Would matter-antimatter annihilation create a fireball or not? Antimatter Fuel - Atomic Rockets Estimated mass-energy of the observable universe. How much antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans, eradicate all animals and blow up the Earth? To create antimatter you just need to create matter. Some of the radiation will doubtless cause fission or transmutation - a nucleus hit by an anti-proton is likely to at least lose a nucleon, and the mesons also happily react with nuclei. The shock wave is usually spherical or hemispherical in shape. Converts antimatter to energy in joules. Both humans and bananas only produce a tiny amount of antimatter, which is why we havent all been destroyed. Similarly, you can estimate the blast radius for c4 explosives too. Antimatter is one of the most unstable substances in the world. Which means we shouldnt exist, physicists are still unsure as to why were around. And yes, bizarrely, energy can become the mass of matter and vice versa. From some rough calculations with 10g of anti hydrogen, I came out at roughly a gigatonne of TNT's worth of energy - 1.2x10^22J. Mathematically, the ratio of the weight of the explosives (W and W) is proportional to the ratio of the cube of range (R and R), i.e. Today, the cost of producing 1 gram of antimatter is $25 billion, and the rate of production is only at 10 nanograms (maximum) per year. Given that 1 ton is equal to 2240 pounds or 1016.046909 kg we should be able to scale up the explosive yield simply. Indiana Jones level kill you immediately radiation dosage is about 100000 rads, so that's about 290,000 kg of antiprotons spread out evenly. [4], Alternative values for TNT equivalency can be calculated according to which property is being compared and when in the two detonation processes the values are measured. Big Bang scientists have been hoping to find some physics loopholesome tiny difference between matter and antimatterthat would allow more matter than antimatter to be produced shortly after the Big Bang, but so far they have been unsuccessful. The blast radius for the 1 kg bare explosive detonation is 130 m. This answer is obtained by using the range safety equation, based on Hopkinson-Cranz Law: R = 130 W(1/3) = 130 1(1/3) = 130 m The intensity of the blast wave front is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance. 1 Answer. The storage rings on the spacecraft will hold the antimatter. It basically all reacts at once release an enormous amount if IR -- enough to melt any rock within sight -- followed by a blast wave. In other words, for each gram of TNT exploded, 4.184kilojoules (or 4,184 joules) of energy are released. Antimatter is actually produce by all sorts of things, for instance bananas produce antimatter. I think this is a very conservative answer in that it is very certain to get the job done. [1] By way of comparison, the cost of the Manhattan Project (to produce the first atomic bomb) is estimated at US$23 billion in 2007 prices. 1 gram of antimatter explosion radius. Professor Doser leads a team studying this strange, expensive, explosive stuffin the wonderfully named Antimatter Factory. So ever since I read a book (Angels and Demons by Dan Brown?) Let's shoot to heat up the atmosphere by 200K; there's no way anyone's surviving that. Ten things you might not know about antimatter Interaction with the blast wave can cause severe injuries (see injury severity score calculator) depending on the stand-off distance. Expensive? When groups of people are asked to name the most expensive substance, the variety of answers is hilarious. It's exactly the same as matter, except all the electrical charges of its component parts are reversed. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion, "Air Force pursuing antimatter weapons / Program was touted publicly, then came official gag order", "Laser technique produces bevy of antimatter", "Details on antimatter triggered fusion bombs - NextBigFuture.com", "Angels & Demons: The Physics Behind The Movie (and The Book)", "Air Force pursuing antimatter weapons: Program was touted publicly, then came official gag order", Page discussing the possibility of using antimatter as a trigger for a thermonuclear explosion, Paper discussing the number of antiprotons required to ignite a thermonuclear weapon, Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments, Existential risk from artificial intelligence, Self-Indication Assumption Doomsday argument rebuttal, Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal, List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events, List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antimatter_weapon&oldid=1139434888, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from August 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 03:22. They did it by creating a magnetic bottle called a Minimum Magnetic Field Trap. For instance, the antimatter equivalent to the electron is called the positron. The results of this latest experiment show that a property of the antiproton (called its magnetic moment) is identical in magnitude to the magnetic moment of its proton counterpart to within a precision of just a couple of parts per billion. He also rips off an arm to use as a sword. Lesser known is its role in studying the anti-particles of the Universe. The same technology could theoretically be used to make very small and possibly "fission-free" (very low nuclear fallout) weapons (see pure fusion weapon). Bananas are made out of potassium-40 which produces positrons as it decays. Unconventional Rocket Drives - Antimatter Propulsion You can also compare energy generated from different reactions with respect to the mass of TNT using our energy conversion calculator. Many people have proposed that we disarm all nuclear weapons to make the world safer. Now you can destroy all life on earth using only about 6E4 kg of antimatter, only 60 metric tons of the good stuff. Nuclear weapon outputs are usually given in megatons, that being the energy released by one megaton of tnt exploding. Multiplying by the mass of the atmosphere $M_{atm}=5.1*10^{18}$ gives us how much energy it takes to heat the atmosphere by 1 degree Kelvin, $C_v*M_{atm}=3.6567*10^{18}kJ*K^{-1}$. Space Mechs or Tanks or Planes or Marines - Fighting in space without blowing up each other's starships. This equivalency is most famously described in Einstein's equation: e (energy) = m (the mass of matter) xc (the speed of light) squared. rev2023.5.1.43405. 1 megaton is about 4.2x10 15 J. Would one atom of antimatter be lethal if annihilated inside the brain? With ANFO or ammonium nitrate, they would require 1.0/0.74 (or 1.35) kg or 1.0/0.32 (or 3.125) kg, respectively. Often, the responses are droll ones such as love, cocaine, cash money, computer ink, or even sex. We could make this happen if we work at it. It seems like 2, 200kg antimatter bombs, in short succession, dropped into the Yellowstone Caldera would be fairly certain to ignite a life ending volcanic eruption saving a trillion tons of antimatter, more or less. A large open explosion of TNT may maintain fireball temperatures high enough so that some of those products do burn up with atmospheric oxygen. How much energy is released? - Worldbuilding Stack Exchange What Is Antimatter? | Wonderopolis Some humans would probably survive this, though. On the other hand, one milligram of 18F-FDG will contain on the order of 3x10^18 molecules. When a gnoll vampire assumes its hyena form, do its HP change? With careful planning, I expect less well less than 1 gram of antimatter would be needed to make this a bad day for the earth. What's happening is that the heat produce by the initial reaction with the surface of the chunk of sodium boils the water around it and drastically slows down the reaction. Or a kilogram? However for only $600,000 you could fit a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter into a snipers bullet. Or would it be more like a conventional ~50kg artillery shell? In fact you would need 2.5 trillion tons of antimatter. The resulting temperatures would be "well beyond the upper limit for life and the surface of the Earth would have been baked free of living microbes." Bill Gates couldnt afford more than one millionth of a gram. The antimatter bomb would by far be the most powerful thing humans ever created. The positrons will meet electrons and produce 0.511 MeV gammas, but the protons meeting antiprotons will initially have a quark annihilate an antiquark, producing a gluon that then gets involved in messy hadronization leaving a bunch of mesons (pions and kaons) that then careen away and decay into muons, electrons/positrons, gammas, and neutrinos. So not only would they be more powerful than nukes, but also more likely to be used on people. Antimatter is the opposite of matter. "We want to study it to see why it's not here anymore and why the Universe isn't just empty.". How does that last equation (rolled back for the time being; see revision history) work out? radiation - Antimatter bomb - Physics Stack Exchange A positron powered spaceship would be simpler, and less dangerous than say a nuclear powered spaceship which comes with a lot more complications. The energy liberated by one gram of TNT was arbitrarily defined as a matter of convention to be 4184J,[12] which is exactly one kilocalorie. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. We have a mole of atoms in a gram, or a total energy release of (2 GeV)(6 x 10^23)(1.6 x 10^-19 J/eV) = 2 x 10^14 J, or 200 terajoules. With about 100,000 ships out there, that's a lot of survivors. 1 gram of TNT = 2930.76 joules. Now, if we were sloppy, we would just pepper the land area of $148,300,000 km^2$, so about 1,236 MIEVs (Multiple Independently Targetable Entry Vehicles) with 100 2kg warheads each would do. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. It was created by an international team of scientists at CERN. Upon an explosive detonation, a shock wave originates and compresses the air, causing an abrupt increase in pressure. So in this Big Bang scenario, particles and antiparticles would have been coming into existence and then annihilating one another in equal measure. The total global nuclear arsenal is about 15,000 nuclear warheads. Q3 is very hard to answer you need to completely overwhelm the gravitational pull of earth so only terraforming don't qualify for millions of pieces. A 10kg antimatter bomb would cause a gigantic 230 megaton explosion. If you want to kill all humans on earth, you have a couple of options: According to this person 57 trillion annihilations at 30 cm gives you 1 rad of radiation. Where can I find a clear diagram of the SPECK algorithm? Approximate yield of the last eruption of the. Ubuntu won't accept my choice of password. Professor Doser once estimated how muchit would cost to make antimatter in large amounts. How to force Unity Editor/TestRunner to run at full speed when in background? "So this is by far the most energetic process that you can think of.". Approximately 10 grams of antiprotons would be enough fuel to send a manned spacecraft to Mars in one month. One of the scariest things about the antimatter bomb is that the effects of it arent as long lasting as a nuclear bomb. For TNT this has been accurately measured as 4686J/g from a large sample of air blast experiments, and theoretically calculated to be 4853J/g. On the subatomic level, this energy is manageable, but if one were to combine a gram of antimatter with a gram of matter, the result is an energy release comparable to the atomic explosion at . The solar irradiance of the Sun every 12 hours. So it depends on how much anti-matter you have. The total solar irradiance energy received by Earth in the upper atmosphere per hour. The asteroid belt just happens to contain a 400 km asteroid built to order, 10 Hygiea Plugging in the numbers (assuming a 17 km/sec impact) you get somewhat more than 1E28 joules, a rather significant savings compared the the gravitational potential of the earth, but still a lot of antimatter just to destroy it with a single bomb, roughly 6E10 kg of antimatter. Antimatter: how the worlds most expensive and explosive substance is made, Catch up with The Loop, your quick wrap of this morning's news.
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